ArticleHGG advances2026
Sex-stratified genetic regulators of cytokine production in the Dutch and Tanzanian populations.
Article in HGG advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Differences in immune responses are observed between males and females, influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. The sex-specific genetic effects on cytokine production, however, remain underexplored. This study aimed to identify sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting cytokine production in response to diverse infectious antigens. We performed sex-stratified cytokine QTL (cQTLs) mapping in two population-based cohorts from Tanzania and the Netherlands. In the Tanzanian cohort, 12 genome-wide significant cytokine QTLs were identified, with 7 observed in males and 5 in females. In the Dutch cohort, 12 genome-wide significant cQTLs were identified, with 6 cQTLs each in males and females. Colocalization analysis confirmed that all 12 genome-wide cQTLs from the Tanzanian cohort are sex specific, while in the Dutch cohort 10 genome-wide cQTL variants are modulated in a sex-specific manner. Furthermore, pathway and phenotype enrichment analyses linked the identified cQTL variants to relevant immune functions and sex-biased traits. Our study highlights the importance of sex-stratified genetic analyses when investigating the genetic basis of cytokine production in humans. We show that sex-specific cQTLs may underlie observed phenotypic differences between males and females and that accounting for such effects can inform the development of personalized medical treatments for sex-biased diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.