Trial reportBMJ open2026
Factors associated with return to meaningful activities following physiotherapy for pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy: 3-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo investigate whether women who experienced pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy were able to engage in meaningful activities at 4 months and 3 years post partum, and to identify factors associated with long-term functional outcomes.
designLong-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial comparing acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pregnancy-related PGP.
settingPhysiotherapy outpatient clinics in Sweden.
participantsIn total, 113 pregnant women with clinically verified PGP were randomised in the original trial; 86 participated in the initial study phase, 77 attended the 4-month follow-up and 57 completed the 3-year follow-up questionnaire. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was functioning, assessed using the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS). Secondary outcomes included self-reported PGP, overall functioning and the prognostic value of pelvic pain provocation tests at 4 months post partum for persistent PGP at 3 years.
results3 years post partum, the mean PSFS score was 8.64, and 45.6% of the participants scored 10, indicating full return to baseline activities. In repeated linear regression analyses, estimated PSFS scores were approximately 3 points lower at baseline and post-treatment compared with the 3-year follow-up (both p<0.001), indicating improved functioning over time, with no differences between treatment groups. Higher pain-related concern and higher Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire scores were associated with greater activity limitations (estimate -0.21, p=0.019 and -0.06, p<0.001, respectively). Logistic regression showed that the number of positive pelvic provocation tests at 4 months post partum significantly predicted self-reported PGP at 3 years (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.05, p=0.013).
conclusionsMost women with pregnancy-related PGP regained functioning by 4 months post partum, and this recovery was sustained at 3 years. The number of positive pelvic provocation tests at 4 months post partum predicted persistent pain at 3 years, suggesting potential prognostic value for identifying women at risk of long-term PGP and informing postpartum follow-up strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: In 'FoU i Sverige' (R&D in Sweden) No. 12726. https://www.researchweb.org/is/sverige/project/127261.
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