Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41857708›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

School food environment: analysis of school canteens in Brazilian capitals and implications for public policy.

Luiza Delazari Borges, Letícia Ferreira Tavares, Sabrina Ferreira Gomes Clark, Ariene Silva do Carmo, Emanuelly Porto Oliveira, Raquel Canuto, Paulo César Pereira de Castro Júnior, Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso, Larissa Loures Mendes

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Luiza Delazari BorgesUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena nº 190. Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brasil. luizadelazarib@gmail.com.
Letícia Ferreira TavaresInstituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brasil.
Sabrina Ferreira Gomes ClarkUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, nº 1235. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brasil.
Ariene Silva do CarmoUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena nº 190. Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brasil.
Emanuelly Porto OliveiraUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena nº 190. Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brasil.
Raquel CanutoUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RGS, 90035-003, Brasil.
Paulo César Pereira de Castro JúniorInstituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brasil.
Letícia de Oliveira CardosoEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, nº 1480. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brasil.
Larissa Loures MendesUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena nº 190. Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brasil.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 4/2021 Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa - PQConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico , Brasil 26/2019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to characterize school canteens and food commercialization practices in private schools located in the capitals of Brazil.

methodA cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from 2.241 school canteens serving elementary and high school levels, collected between 2022 and 2024 as part of the Study on Food Commercialization in Brazilian Schools (Caeb). A validated instrument was used to assess the availability of foods and beverages, based on the NOVA classification and the recommendations of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. A Healthiness Index (HI) was calculated. Data analysis included the calculation of relative frequencies, means, and their respective 95% confidence intervals.

resultsIn Brazil, most canteens have fewer than five employees (77.1%), are outsourced (55.1%), and offer snacks (92.5%). The most commonly sold items were bottled water (79.42%), freshly squeezed fruit juice (70.54%), soda (61.8%), and homemade-style cake (59.53%). The average HI score among these canteens was 56.8 (95% CI: 56.4–57.2). Stratified analysis revealed that the Southern macro-region had the highest HI compared to other regions, at 63.0 (95% CI: 61.5–64.5). IMPLICATIONS AND

conclusionsThe findings reveal that the majority of private school canteens in Brazil present an unhealthy food environment, characterized by the widespread availability of ultra-processed foods. These results underscore the urgent need for specific regulations targeting the private sector, aiming to promote adequate and healthy eating within school settings.

Indexed as

Food ServicesPublic PolicySchoolsBrazilCross-Sectional StudiesHumansFood commercializationPublic policySchool canteensSchool food environmentUltra-processed foods

Identifiers

PMID41857708
PMCPMC13122956

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.