Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41857372›Full record

ArticleNpj viruses2026

SARS-CoV-2 crossreactive B-cells outnumber seasonal coronavirus spike-specific clones at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cristina Gonzalez-Lopez, Muriel Aguilar-Bretones, Julian Reinders, Jingshu Zhang, Petra van den Doel, Batuhan Bekki, Eric C van Gorp, P Hugo M van der Kuy, Bart L Haagmans, Corine H GeurtsVanKessel and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Npj viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Cristina Gonzalez-LopezDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Muriel Aguilar-BretonesDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Julian ReindersDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Jingshu ZhangDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Petra van den DoelDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Batuhan BekkiDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eric C van GorpDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
P Hugo M van der KuyDepartment of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Bart L HaagmansDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Corine H GeurtsVanKesselDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Marion P G KoopmansDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Rory D de VriesDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Marit J van GilsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Gijsbert P van NieropDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. g.p.vannierop@erasmusmc.nl.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme 874735Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 109986ZonMw 01142052310005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How B-cell responses towards seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoVs) impacted those towards SARS-CoV-2 has been widely studied, yet potential reverse effects are ill-defined. We compared sHCoV immune responses between cross-sectional pre-pandemic and end-pandemic cohorts of immunocompetent adults. We assessed Spike (S) reactive IgG and IgA serum and B-cell responses towards sHCoVs and dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants, and evaluated their contribution to OC43 neutralization. Pre-pandemic individuals were uniformly sHCoV IgG and IgA seropositive, yet SARS-CoV-2 S-reactivity was negligible. End-pandemic donors, had predominant SARS-CoV-2 responses that in part cross-reacted with sHCoV which accounted for higher serum NL63, HKU1 and OC43 antibody levels. This effect was strongest for OC43 S2 and this cross-reactive response contributed to OC43 serum neutralization. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses impacted sHCoVs responses, particularly for OC43. This could have implications for immune protection and offers insights for the development of pan-coronavirus treatments and vaccines.

Identifiers

PMID41857372
PMCPMC13003012

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.