ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2026
Association between trajectories of body mass index and changes in fat free mass index and fat mass index in a cohort of European children. The IDEFICS/I.Family studies.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Mediterranean lifestyle obesity prevention intervention in preschoolers at risk: MELI-POP Study-a randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
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14 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations between BMI trajectories and changes in fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI), assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold thickness (ST).
methodsThe study included 4708 European children with BIA data and 3627 with ST data, aged 2-9.9 years at baseline, participating in two waves of the IDEFICS (IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants))/I.Family (I. Family (Determinants of eating behavior in European children, adolescents, and their parents)) studies (w0: 2007/08; w2: 2013/14). Children were classified into three BMI trajectory groups: retained normal weight (RNW), remained overweight/obese (ROO), and excessive weight gain (EWG). Analyses of covariance evaluated differences in BMI z-score changes, FFMI, and FMI across groups. Mixed-effects linear regression assessed associations between BMI z-score changes and FFMI/FMI over time.
resultsBMI z-score changes were more strongly associated with FMI (β = 1.16-1.70 in boys; 1.17-1.62 in girls, p < 0.05) than with FFMI, for both BIA and ST. In ROO and EWG groups, associations with FMI were consistently stronger, except among girls <6 years in the ROO group (BIA). In the RNW group, boys >6 years showed stronger associations with FFMI.
conclusionsAssociations between BMI changes and FFMI/FMI vary by BMI trajectory and body composition method. BIA showed closer alignment with BMI changes than ST. These findings suggest that BMI alone may not adequately capture changes in specific body compartments. While convenient, BMI should be interpreted with caution, especially when fat or fat-free mass plays a differential role in disease risk or health outcomes.
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