ArticleScientific reports2026
High refractive index microlenses patterned onto micro-LED arrays using electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Reducing pixel crosstalk and enhancing luminance are crucial for improving image quality in micro-LED display applications. Although the Lambertian emission of micro-LEDs can be partially collimated by surface-integrated microlens arrays (MLAs), the collimation performance is often limited by the insufficient refractive index of conventional lens materials. In this work, we propose a direct on-chip integration of microlenses onto fabricated micro-LEDs in a pixel-to-pixel manner. The printed microlenses achieve a high refractive index of up to 1.77 using EHD inkjet printing. A hydrophobic surface treatment on the micro-LEDs is introduced to increase the lens sag height. The fabricated MLAs achieved a 16% increase in peak luminance and effectively suppressed large-angle side emission by approximately 12%. These results demonstrate a practical route for on-chip integration of MLAs on micro-LEDs, and the limitations of the collimation effect are discussed to guide future optimization.
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