ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2026
Altered wakeful theta activity characterizes levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.
Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Slow-wave activity during sleep facilitates synaptic downscaling, while theta activity during wakefulness reflects synaptic upscaling, and both processes may be altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD). We compared actigraphy and high-density EEG in 12 healthy volunteers and three PD cohorts: early stage (EPD, n = 12), advanced non-dyskinetic (ADV, n = 13), and advanced dyskinetic (DYS, n = 11). Participants completed one week of actigraphy monitoring, followed by two resting-state EEG recordings conducted separately in the morning and evening. Wake-theta activity was analyzed using both linear and linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age/sex, plus cluster-based non-parametric statistics, then related to clinical variables, and actigraphy-derived sleep metrics via partial correlations. Dyskinetic patients showed marked sleep disruption, elevated morning theta compared with controls (p = 0.006, d = 1.54) and EPD (p = 0.03, d = 0.85), along with a significantly reduced diurnal theta build-up compared with controls (p = 0.009, d = 1.57). EPD and ADV groups showed preserved diurnal increases. In dyskinetic patients, a higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was correlated with higher morning theta (ρ = 0.70, p = 0.023, pFDR=0.046) and smaller diurnal theta increases (ρ = -0.77, p = 0.009, pFDR=0.046). Relationships between theta and actigraphy-derived sleep metrics were weaker and inconsistent across groups. These findings suggest a dyskinesia-specific profile of impaired wake-related theta homeostasis, motivating longitudinal studies combining polysomnography and waking EEG.
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