Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41857005›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2026

Association of long COVID with health-related quality-of-life outcomes.

Malini M Gandhi, Carlee Moser, Judith S Currier, Justin Ritz, Joseph J Eron, Eric S Daar, David A Wohl, William A Fischer, Upinder Singh, Michael D Hughes and 4 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Malini M GandhiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. mmgandhi@bwh.harvard.edu.
Carlee MoserDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Judith S CurrierDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 911 Broxton Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
Justin RitzDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Joseph J EronDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Eric S DaarLundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
David A WohlDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
William A FischerDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Upinder SinghUniversity of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Michael D HughesDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Davey M SmithDepartment of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Teresa H EveringDepartment of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Kara W ChewDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 911 Broxton Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. kchew@mednet.ucla.edu.
ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team

Funding

Leadership and Operations Center (LOC), AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG); LOC 1/UM1AI068636 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Joseph J Eron, RAJESH T GANDHI · 2011 to 2026
$1073.1M
Statistical and Data Management Center (SDMC), AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG)UM1AI068634 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Marlene Ann Cooper, Michael David Hughes · 2011 to 2026
$246.6M
UCLA AIDS Prevention and Treatment Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI069424 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Judith S. Currier, RAPHAEL J LANDOVITZ · 2012 to 2026
$51.8M
Weill Cornell Medicine - Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI069419 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI ROY M. GULICK · 2012 to 2026
$44.6M
University of Pittsburgh Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI069494 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SUSAN L KOLETAR, John W Mellors · 2012 to 2026
$38.0M
University of Pennsylvania HIV Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI069534 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Ian Frank, PABLO TEBAS · 2012 to 2026
$33.0M
UCLA-CDU CFARP30AI152501 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SCOTT G KITCHEN · 2022 to 2026
$15.6M
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1AI068634National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1AI068636NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI152501NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068634NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068636NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069419NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069424NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069494NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069534
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The association of long COVID with health-related quality-of-life (HrQOL) has not been well-characterized. Participants who received blinded placebo in the ACTIV-2/A5401 outpatient COVID-19 treatment trial were included in an analysis of the association of long COVID with HrQOL (both pre-specified exploratory trial endpoints) 9 months after acute COVID-19. Long COVID was defined as presence of self-assessed COVID-19 symptoms and HrQOL was assessed with EQ-5D-5L and SF-36v2 questionnaires. Associations were evaluated by Fisher's exact tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Of 546 participants, 13% had long COVID. Long COVID was associated with greater risk of reported problems in the EQ-5D-5L dimensions of mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression (risk ratios 3.45-6.00, all p < 0.001) and worse self-reported health scores (median 80 vs. 95, p < 0.001). Participants with long COVID also had worse SF-36v2 composite physical and mental component scores (both p < 0.001) and individual SF-36 domain scores (physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health; all p < 0.001). Associations were similar regardless of baseline (pre-COVID-19) medical history. Long COVID is associated with impaired HrQOL across multiple domains, highlighting the need to develop preventative and therapeutic interventions for this protean condition.

Indexed as

COVID-19Quality of LifeAdultAgedClinical Trials as TopicDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesHealth-related quality-of-lifeLong COVID

Identifiers

PMID41857005
PMCPMC13139396

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.