Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41856796›Full record

ReviewPest management science2026

Thirty years of glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds: Current situation and future prospects.

Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz, Yure Marin Guidi, Mariana Ramirez-Castillo, Fernando Storniolo Adegas, Caio Antonio Carbonari, Edivaldo Domingues Velini, Rafael De Prado, Stephen O Duke

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pest management science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz *Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-0947
Yure Marin Guidi *Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8925-4857
Mariana Ramirez-CastilloDepartment of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-3112
Fernando Storniolo AdegasBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation/Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-5381
Caio Antonio CarbonariDepartment of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0383-2529
Edivaldo Domingues VeliniDepartment of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-5942
Rafael De PradoDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-653X
Stephen O DukeNational Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7210-5168

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior 0001Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais 6.36/2021U.S. Department of Agriculture
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide targeting 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, was first commercialized in 1974. Its use increased significantly following the introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops in 1996 and the expiration of its patent in 2000, making it the most used herbicide worldwide. Intensive reliance on glyphosate has selected for GR weed populations, with the first documented case reported also in 1996. Glyphosate resistance now has evolved in 62 weed species across 31 countries, often involving multiple other herbicide modes of action and thereby complicating chemical control. The highest incidence has occurred in regions with extensive GR crop cultivation, particularly the United States, Brazil, and Argentina, where glyphosate has been used for years as the sole or major herbicide. Apparent disparities among countries largely reflect differences in the timing and reporting of first unique resistance cases, rather than actual differences in the overall prevalence of GR weeds. GR weeds possess the greatest diversity of resistance mechanisms described for any herbicide, encompassing both target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms, frequently in combination. In many cases, resistance traits that provide low resistance levels have combined over time to provide more robust resistance (creeping resistance). Evolution and spread of glyphosate resistance are influenced by frequency of use, herbicide dose, phenological stage, pollination biology, gene flow, and dissemination of GR seeds or propagules via contaminated seed/grain lots and machinery. Glyphosate resistance and controversies regarding environmental and health issues have so far not resulted in marked reductions in glyphosate use nor in the introduction of a herbicide or other technology that is as effective and economical as glyphosate in managing weeds. This review synthesizes current knowledge of glyphosate resistance and its mechanisms, highlighting existing gaps, and discusses potential scenarios for the future of glyphosate and GR crops. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Indexed as

Crops, AgriculturalGlycineHerbicide ResistanceHerbicidesPlant WeedsWeed ControlGlyphosatePlants, Genetically ModifiedGlycineGlyphosateHerbicides5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthaseglyphosate‐resistant cropsGMOmechanism of actionmultiple resistancenon‐target‐site resistancetarget‐site resistance

Identifiers

PMID41856796
PMCPMC13240706

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.