ArticleBMJ open2026
Co-designing an intergenerational dance programme using the 6SQuID framework: a development and proof-of-concept study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDance is an artistic and social form of exercise and has been shown to be effective across the lifespan. Intergenerational dance programmes can have beneficial effects in reducing discrimination and fostering communities. Previous intergenerational dance programmes included small sample sizes or were not designed to target physical outcomes. There is a need for well-designed community-based intergenerational dance programmes to target the needs of older adults (OAs) and adolescents addressing physical activity, ageism and loneliness. AIMS AND
objectivesThe aim of this study was to co-design and refine the content of an intergenerational dance programme with OAs and adolescents using the 'six steps in quality intervention development framework' (6SQuID). The objectives were to complete steps 1-4 of the 6SQuID framework and run a short pilot study with OAs.
designA proof-of-concept pilot study.
settingThe programme took place in a local community centre.
participants12 participants were recruited (n=5 adolescents; n=7 OAs). Adolescents were aged between 14 and 16 years. OAs were aged 60 years and older.
interventionsThe intervention was led by a physiotherapist and dance teacher and comprised of intergenerational practice and social dance. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures focused on physical activity, well-being, ageism and mobility. Accelerometers were used to establish programme intensity. Focus groups were conducted to explore the opinions of participants. Qualitative data were analysed using Thematic Analysis.
resultsSix OAs and four adolescents completed the programme. The average age of OAs was 72.8±6.69 years and the adolescents were aged 14-16 years. The intensity of the classes was driven by participants, with some achieving vigorous intensity, and most achieving light-moderate intensity. This accounted for an average of 28.36 (±11.02) min of the class. The outcome measures were found to be meaningful for participants; however, more challenging balance measures were suggested by both cohorts. The social dance was enjoyable, especially when the music was tailored to participants' preferences. Meeting with other age groups was valued, and it was suggested that more time should be given to icebreakers and socialising.
conclusionsIntergenerational dance may be a promising way of improving well-being, intergenerational connections and achieving moderate-intensity activity. The process of designing an evidence-based intervention in this paper can be used to guide researchers and practitioners in designing an intergenerational arts-based programme.
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