ArticleAnimal bioscience2026
Distinct damage levels and transcriptional responses of lung in Hezuo pigs and Bama pigs during cold exposure.
Article in Animal bioscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the present study is to compare cold adaptation mechanisms between cold-tolerant Hezuo and cold-sensitive Bama pigs.
methodsA total of 40 healthy pigs (75 days old), including 20 Hezuo pigs and 20 Bama pigs, were used in this study. A 2×2 factorial design was employed, with factors including breed (Hezuo vs. Bama) and ambient temperature (23±2°C vs. -15±2°C). After 7 days of acclimation, pigs in the cold groups were exposed to low temperature and slaughtered on days 0, 1, 5, and 10 (n = 5 per group per time point). All pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water. Lung histology, wet/dry ratio, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, apoptosis, and transcriptomics were analyzed.
resultsThe results showed that Hezuo pigs displayed less severe alveolar septal thickening, inflammatory infiltration, and fine bronchial fold extension during cold exposure than Bama pigs. The W/D ratio dramatically decreased in Hezuo pigs while rising in Bama pigs. Hezuo pigs exhibited significantly higher aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) expressions than Bama pigs during the middle and late phases. Bama pigs displayed increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Hezuo pigs maintained stable GSH levels and no significant changes in late-phase inflammatory markers. Bama pigs had a greater apoptosis density and more TUNEL-positive cells than Hezuo pigs, which was related to the down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and the up-regulation of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and Caspase-3. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in Bama pigs, distinctive genes such as mucin 5B (MUC5B), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), alveolar macrophage chemotactic factor-II (AMCF-II), interleukin 22 receptor subunit alpha 1 (IL22RA1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), keratin 5 (KRT5) contribute to mucus hypersecretion, extracellular matrix degradation, and sustained inflammatory chemotaxis, worsening tissue damage. In contrast, Hezuo pigs possess unique genes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (ALDH1A2), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 6 (ACSL6), ACSM5, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1), nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3/2 (NR4A3/2), G protein subunit gamma 4 (GNG4), glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2), which enhance lipid metabolism, facilitate aldehyde detoxification, and mitigate oxidative stress, thereby orchestrating a cellular protection.
conclusionHezuo pigs exhibit protective molecular mechanisms, suggesting potential targets for cold-resistance breeding.
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