ArticleThe Plant cell2026
Phase separation of Rht8-derived RNHL1 integrates ethylene and gibberellin signaling to regulate wheat internode elongation.
Article in The Plant cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The MdSLR1b-MdKNOX15-MdGA20ox2/MdGA2ox7 module regulates dwarfing by mediating the gibberellin pathway in apple.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- RNHL1 phase separation coordinates ethylene and gibberellin signaling to regulate wheat plant height.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- Phase separation in plants: mechanisms, functions, and a simplified workflow for investigation.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Semidwarf varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) carrying Reduced height (Rht) genes revolutionized wheat production. Rht8, a widely deployed semidwarfing allele, encodes RNHL1 (ribonuclease H-Like 1); yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth regulation remain unclear. Here, we uncover a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-mediated transcriptional pathway by which RNHL1 controls plant height. We show that RNHL1 forms nuclear biomolecular condensates via its intrinsically disordered regions (IDR1 and IDR3) and physically interacts with the ethylene signaling transcription factor TaEIL1 (ethylene insensitive3-like 1) to establish functional transcriptional hubs. These RNHL1-TaEIL1 condensates directly bind and repress the ethylene response factor gene TaERF1 (Ethylene response factor 1), and TaERF1 suppresses the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic gene TaGA3ox2 (Gibberellin 3-beta dioxygenase 2). Genetic analyses demonstrate that both RNHL1 and TaEIL1 positively regulate plant height, with loss-of-function mutants exhibiting similar dwarf phenotypes and convergent transcriptomic profiles. Importantly, we establish TaERF1 as a direct repressor of TaGA3ox2, completing a regulatory cascade in which RNHL1-TaEIL1 condensates modulate GA-mediated internode elongation. Our findings reveal an integration point between ethylene and GA signaling orchestrated by RNHL1-TaEIL1 phase separation and highlight RNHL1's roles in nucleic acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation. This study provides fundamental insights into LLPS-mediated growth control in crops and identifies specific protein domains as potential targets for wheat improvement.
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