Observational studyPloS one2026
Hypochloremia, non-medication related associated factors, and impact on clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: Insights from resource limited setups.
Observational study in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Hypochloremia in Older Adults with Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Prognosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElectrolyte disturbances such as hypochloremia are common in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and may worsen clinical outcomes. However, data from low-resource settings remain limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypochloremia among AHF patients, assess its association with length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality, and identify factors independently associated with its occurrence.
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of hypochloremia among patients admitted with acute heart failure, to assess its non-medication association with length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality, and to identify factors independently associated with hypochloremia in a resource-limited setting.
methodsA retrospective observational cohort study of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure, with serum chloride measured at admission was conducted among 260 patients aged ≥16. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0. The association between hypochloremia and clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay, was assessed using the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of hypochloremia. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsThe prevalence of hypochloremia was 33.1% (95% CI: 27.4%-39.2%), and hypochloremic patients had significantly longer hospital stays (median: 12 days vs. 8.5 days; p = 0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (χ² = 8.58; p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that NYHA class IV heart failure [AOR = 6.96; 95% CI: 1.49-32.4; p = 0.014], history of COPD [AOR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.36-17.9; p = 0.001], hyponatremia [AOR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.8-9.5; p = 0.001], and hypokalemia [AOR = 4.08; 95% CI: 1.53-10.6; p = 0.004] were significantly associated with hypochloremia.
conclusionIn this study hypochloremia at admission was common and associated with higher in-hospital mortality and longer hospital stays. It was more frequently observed in patients with severe heart failure, COPD, hypokalemia and hyponatremia.
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