ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2026
Census tract-level socioeconomic variables and breast cancer characteristics and outcomes in California and New York State.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeSynthetic census tracts can allow for release of small area cancer data without compromising patient confidentiality. We used synthetic and actual census tract data for California and actual data for New York State (NYS) to examine associations of small area socioeconomic factors with breast cancer prognosis and outcomes and to evaluate results obtained from synthetic versus actual data.
methodsWe retrieved data on invasive, first primary breast cancers diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 in females ages ≥ 18 in California (n = 237,156) or NYS (n = 149,789). We categorized into quintiles census tract-level exposures and used multivariable-adjusted multilevel logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to examine associations with stage, grade, subtype, and overall and cancer-specific survival. We conducted separate analyses for California and NYS and compared results from the two states and from synthetic and actual data for California.
resultsExcept for income inequality, greater disadvantage for each socioeconomic variable was statistically significantly associated with more advanced stage, higher grade, higher-risk subtypes, and poorer survival in both states. Synthetic and actual results for California were consistent in direction and statistical significance, but the synthetic data tended to overestimate associations with stage and underestimate associations with grade, subtype, and survival.
conclusionOur results indicate that residence in more disadvantaged census tracts is associated with poorer breast cancer prognosis and outcomes. Associations were similar across two large, diverse states, and synthetic results approximated actual results for California. Additional work is needed to improve early diagnosis, care, and outcomes for individuals with breast cancer in disadvantaged areas.
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