Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41854503›Full record

ArticleAnalytical chemistry2026

Development of a High-Sensitivity Electrochemical Immunoassay Using a Fully 3D-Printed Electrocatalytic Microelectrode Probe Platform.

Niamh Docherty, Chloe L Miller, Alexandra Dobrea, Daniel Macdonald, Alisdair Gordon, Susan Pang, Ying Fu, Melanie Jimenez, Damion K Corrigan, Bhavik Anil Patel

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Niamh DochertyUniversity of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building Centre for Advanced Measurement Science and Health Translation, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.ORCID 0009-0003-3047-8478
Chloe L MillerSchool of Applied Sciences, Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K.ORCID 0009-0000-8572-8735
Alexandra DobreaUniversity of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building Centre for Advanced Measurement Science and Health Translation, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
Daniel MacdonaldUniversity of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building Centre for Advanced Measurement Science and Health Translation, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-9250-434X
Alisdair GordonUniversity of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building Centre for Advanced Measurement Science and Health Translation, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
Susan PangNational Measurement Laboratory at LGC The Priestley Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XY, U.K.
Ying FuUniversity of Strathclyde, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
Melanie JimenezUniversity of Strathclyde, Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, G4 0NW Glasgow, U.K.
Damion K CorriganUniversity of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building Centre for Advanced Measurement Science and Health Translation, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-4647-7483
Bhavik Anil PatelSchool of Applied Sciences, Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-8773-3850

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors are a promising route to point-of-care diagnostics, yet their translation is hindered by the need for electrode surface functionalization, which introduces variability, increases cost and production complexity, and limits scalability and stability. Additive manufacturing using conductive filaments for rapid fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) electrodes overcomes these limitations. This study evaluates composite filaments comprising polylactic acid (PLA), carbon black (CB), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for fused filament fabrication (FFF) of electrochemical electrodes for indirect detection via TMB

Indexed as

Electrochemical TechniquesPrinting, Three-DimensionalTroponin ICatalysisHumansImmunoassayLimit of DetectionMicroelectrodesNanotubes, CarbonNanotubes, CarbonTroponin I

Identifiers

PMID41854503
PMCPMC13044883

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.