ReviewNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2026
Measuring urine albumin and total protein.
Review in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reconsidering the measurement of urinary proteins in chronic kidney disease: towards a global consensus on albuminuria assessment.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Urine albumin (UA) and total protein (UTP) are commonly measured to assess kidney diseases. Current clinical practice guidelines recommend fixed threshold values for making medical decisions based on UA or UTP. However, neither biomarker has standardized results from in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD-MDs) from different manufacturers used by medical laboratories. In a 2013 study, 37%-45% differences in mean values for UA measurements of 332 freshly collected patient's samples were observed among 16 IVD-MDs. The differences in UA results among the IVD-MDs had the potential to cause erroneous classifications of chronic kidney disease patients and errors in medical decisions. Current IVD-MDs for UA use immunoassays that are highly selective for measuring the protein. However, calibration schemes for UA IVD-MDs do not have fit-for-purpose higher-order certified reference materials (CRMs) or reference measurement procedures (RMPs) available. A standardization program organized by the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has worked with collaborators to develop higher-order CRMs and RMPs suitable for use in standardizing calibration traceability of IVD-MDs for measuring UA. Transition to using the new reference system by IVD-MD manufacturers is expected to achieve standardized UA results in the near future. Data from external quality assurance programs for UTP show differences between different IVD-MDs on the order of 50%. IVD-MDs for UTP use several different chemical reactions that have different measurement responses for the different proteins found in urine which themselves vary with the type of disease. Consequently, there is not a coherent approach to developing a CRM or RMP that is suitable for use as a higher-order reference for standardized calibration of IVD-MDs for UTP. Due to these technical limitations, there is no currently planned activity to improve agreement of results for UTP measurements.
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Registered trials
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