Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41853887›Full record

ArticleExperimental physiology2026

Sex-based differences in corticospinal excitability and inhibition.

Alicia M Kells, Alexandra N Pauhl, Anita D Christie

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alicia M KellsFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Alexandra N PauhlFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Anita D ChristieFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2019-05127
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to perform a novel exploration of sex-based differences in various single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-based measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition. Thirty participants (15 females) attended one laboratory visit where responses evoked by single- and paired-pulse TMS were recorded using electromyography from the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Excitability was assessed via the motor-evoked potential (MEP) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Inhibition was assessed via the cortical silent period (CSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). Each measure was compared between sexes. Overall, males and females did not significantly differ in excitability (MEP: P = 0.070; ICF: P = 0.194). Males displayed significantly greater inhibition compared to females for the SICI (P = 0.016) and LICI (P = 0.003) measures but not CSP (P = 0.612). These findings suggest that sex may be an important consideration for some (SICI and LICI), but not all TMS-based measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition.

Indexed as

Evoked Potentials, MotorMotor CortexNeural InhibitionPyramidal TractsAdultElectromyographyFemaleHumansMaleMuscle, SkeletalSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationYoung Adultcorticospinal excitabilitycorticospinal inhibitionsex‐related differences

Identifiers

PMID41853887
PMCPMC13131105

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.