Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41853475›Full record

ArticleACS ES&T water2026

Evaluating DBP Formation in Chlorinated Drinking Water: Effects of Contact with System Materials.

David Langenbach, Cynthia Kalweit, Dominik Kaczmarek, Aki S Ruhl

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS ES&T water, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

David LangenbachGerman Environment Agency (UBA) Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, Berlin 12307, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1820-7099
Cynthia KalweitGerman Environment Agency (UBA) Section II 3.4, Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, Bad Elster 08645, Germany.
Dominik KaczmarekGerman Environment Agency (UBA) Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, Berlin 12307, Germany.
Aki S RuhlGerman Environment Agency (UBA) Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, Berlin 12307, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Climate-driven challenges probably increase disinfection in drinking water systems. Interactions between disinfectants and infrastructure materials remain understudied. This study quantifies the consumption of chlorine, the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the formation of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from 20 common materials: polymeric pipes, seals, fittings, epoxy resins, and cement mortar. The materials were pulverized to maximize the surface area and create a worst-case scenario. The results were compared with standardized migration tests. Chlorine depletion (>90%) was observed in the waters exposed to epoxy resins, seals, and cement. The formation of DBP, especially trichloromethane (TCM), exceeded 100 μg/L in samples of epoxy resins, cement, vulcanized fiber, and polyamide; TCM was detected in polyethylene pipe materials at concentrations between 5 and 18 μg/L. Increased temperatures enhanced DOC leaching and THM formation. Relations between DOC and DBP concentrations indicate material leachates as precursors. The results highlight the importance of material selection and testing for disinfected drinking water systems, providing critical insights for risk assessment, material certification, and regulatory development.

Indexed as

disinfection byproductsdrinking waterepoxy resinleachingpipesplastic

Identifiers

PMID41853475
PMCPMC12993996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.