Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41853276›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Targeting Toll-like Receptor 2: synthetic diacylated lipopeptides polarize equine macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Chiara Grazia De Ciucis, Floriana Fruscione, Filippo Dell'Anno, Susanna Zinellu, Emanuela Giaconi, Simone Loi, Nicolò Columbano, Giulia Franzoni, Elisabetta Razzuoli

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chiara Grazia De CiucisDepartment Of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Floriana FruscioneNational Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Genova, Italy.
Filippo Dell'AnnoNational Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Genova, Italy.
Susanna ZinelluDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy.
Emanuela GiaconiDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy.
Simone LoiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Nicolò ColumbanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Giulia Franzoni *Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy.
Elisabetta Razzuoli *National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Genova, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), that play critical roles in initiating host immune defenses. TLR-2 agonists can activate innate immune cells and thus are attracting increasing attention as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents against infectious diseases or in cancer immunotherapy. In this work, the impact of three synthetic diacylated lipopeptides (Mag-Pam2Cys_P48, MagPam2Cys_P80, and Mag-Pam2Cys_MAG1000) on equine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦ) phenotype and functionality was thoroughly investigated. MoMΦ were generated

Indexed as

InflammationLipopeptidesMacrophage ActivationMacrophagesToll-Like Receptor 2AnimalsCells, CulturedCytokinesHorsesPhenotypeToll-Like Receptor AgonistsCytokinesLipopeptidesToll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like Receptor Agonistscytokinesgene expressionhorse macrophagesmacrophage polarizationTLR-2 agonist

Identifiers

PMID41853276
PMCPMC12991996

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.