ReviewADMET & DMPK2026
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles and microparticles for peptide delivery: release mechanisms and controlling factors.
Review in ADMET & DMPK, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Injectable microsphere-based delivery strategies for stem cells and their derivatives in tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Impact of Organic Solvents, Surfactants, and Nonfunctionalized PEGs on PEGylation Reaction Yield.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)-Based Systems in Implantology: Advances in Biomaterial Design, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Regeneration.Polymers · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Therapeutic peptides offer high potency but are limited by rapid degradation, poor bioavailability, and the need for frequent dosing. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and microparticles are effective carriers that protect peptides and enable controlled release. This review summarizes the mechanisms governing peptide release from PLGA particles and identifies formulation factors critical for optimizing therapeutic performance. Approach: A comprehensive analysis of polymer characteristics, particle design parameters, peptide physicochemical properties, and formulation strategies was conducted using data from recent studies. Release mechanisms, including diffusion, polymer degradation, and erosion, were examined alongside manufacturing methods. The review also evaluates clinical PLGA-based peptide products to highlight translational relevance. Key results: Peptide release profiles are strongly influenced by PLGA molecular weight, lactide:glycolide ratio, particle size, end-group chemistry, drug loading, and excipients. Lower polymer molecular weight, higher glycolide content, and smaller particle dimensions accelerate release, whereas cationic peptides experience electrostatic retention within degrading matrices. Additives such as PEG, magnesium salts, and chitosan coatings effectively modulate burst release and stability. PLGA systems typically display triphasic release profiles governed by diffusion and erosion. Several PLGA microparticle-based peptide depots have achieved clinical success, although no nanoparticle-based products have yet reached the market due to manufacturing and regulatory challenges. Conclusion: PLGA nano- and microparticles provide versatile, tunable platforms for sustained peptide delivery. Understanding the interplay between polymer properties, particle architecture, and peptide characteristics is essential for designing next-generation long-acting formulations with improved efficacy and clinical translation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.