ArticleBiomaterials research2026
β-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Boost β-Cell Functionality in Human Pancreatic Islets.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging therapeutic tools in nanomedicine, yet their effects in 2-dimensional (2D) versus 3D diabetes models remain underexplored. Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, EVs' cellular origin, innate bioactivity, and biological cargo make them attractive candidates for disease treatment. This study investigated whether β-cell-derived EVs enhance β-cell function, particularly insulin secretion. EVs were isolated from the human EndoC-βH1 β-cell line, characterized, and assessed for uptake by EndoC-βH1-derived spheroids and human donor pancreatic islets using confocal microscopy. The effect of EV uptake on spheroids and human islet function was determined through glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to compare insulin output and β-cell gene expression between EV-treated and untreated samples. Both spheroids and donor islets showed increased insulin production compared to controls. In spheroids, qPCR revealed elevated expression of PDX1 and SUR1. In contrast, EV-treated human islets exhibited a 3-fold increase in insulin secretion without significant changes in INS, PDX1, GCG, or SLC2A2 expression. Proteomic analysis further demonstrated enrichment in key proteins involved in β-cell function and survival in both EV-treated spheroids and islets. These findings suggest that β-cell-derived EVs can promote β-cell functionality in vitro by up-regulating key genes involved in insulin secretion. The results support the EndoC-βH1-derived spheroid model as a platform for studying human islet biology for advancing the preclinical development of EV-based therapies. This work offers new insights into the effects of β-cell-derived EVs in promoting β-cell functionality and highlights their potential to improve islet transplantation outcomes for patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes.
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Registered trials
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