ReviewJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences2026
Closed-Loop Anesthesia: Advances in Automated Drug Delivery and Perioperative Monitoring.
Review in Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Closed-loop anesthesia is an advanced system that uses real-time monitoring to automatically adjust anesthetic drug delivery during surgery. It helps maintain stable anesthesia levels by continuously analyzing data such as heart rate, blood pressure, and brain activity. These systems improve patient safety, reduce drug fluctuations, and lessen the manual workload of anesthesiologists. Closed-loop anesthesia is especially useful for patients undergoing major surgeries, as well as those with special needs like children, the elderly, and individuals with health conditions. Various technologies and drugs, including propofol, remifentanil, and sevoflurane, support its function. As technology progresses, future systems may combine control of anesthesia, fluids, and blood pressure medications, working closely with electronic health records. Despite automation, human supervision remains essential for safe and effective anesthesia care.
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Registered trials
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