Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41852711›Full record

ArticleOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2026

Developing an innovative chimeric multi-epitope subunit vaccine against

Muhammad Naveed, Furrmein Fatima, Sarmad Mahmood, Tariq Aziz, Nimra Hanif, Nausheen Nazir, Ashwag Shami, Maher S Alwethaynani, Fakhria A Al-Joufi, Bandar K Baothman and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Muhammad NaveedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Furrmein FatimaDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9084-5009
Sarmad MahmoodDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Tariq AzizLaboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, University of Ioannina Arta, 47132, Arta, Greece.
Nimra HanifDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Nausheen NazirDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir Lower Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-3970
Ashwag ShamiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Maher S AlwethaynaniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8453-7305
Fakhria A Al-JoufiDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
Bandar K BaothmanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah AlmaghrabiDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8710-5127
Majid AlhomraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Objectives: This study aimed to design a stable, non-allergenic, and antigenic chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against Methods: Twelve B-cell, five helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and five cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes were predicted using advanced immunoinformatics tools. These epitopes were assembled into a single vaccine candidate. The construct was evaluated in silico for its antigenicity, allergenicity, and physicochemical stability. A 3D structural model of the vaccine was generated and validated. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were conducted to assess interactions between the vaccine and immune receptors: TLR4, TLR3, MHC-I, and MHC-II. Results: The final vaccine candidate demonstrated favorable antigenic and non-allergenic properties, along with high stability. Structural validation confirmed proper folding. Docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities between the vaccine and target immune receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated stable complexes, supporting the construct's immunological compatibility. Conclusions: The designed chimeric multi-epitope vaccine shows strong potential to elicit an immune response against

Indexed as

brain abscessescraniofacial osteomyelitisimmunogenicityStaphylococcus intermedius, pan-genomevaccine

Identifiers

PMID41852711
PMCPMC12995357

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.