Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41852573›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026

Long-term effects of rootstock and tree density on the economic profitability of 'Delicious' apple orchards in the Northeastern U.S.

Luis Gonzalez Nieto, Stephen A Hoying, Gemma Reig, Jaume Lordan, Poliana Francescatto, Michael J Fargione, Gennaro Fazio, Terence L Robinson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Luis Gonzalez NietoSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States.
Stephen A HoyingSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States.
Gemma ReigResearch Group in AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
Jaume LordanFruit Production Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
Poliana FrancescattoValent BioSciences, Libertyville, IL, United States.
Michael J FargioneUlster County Cooperative Extension, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland NY, United States.
Gennaro FazioSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States.
Terence L RobinsonSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Establishing an apple orchard involves a strategic combination of biological and structural decisions. Factors such as variety, rootstock, tree spacing, training system, and local environmental and economic conditions all interact to influence orchard performance over time. Understanding how these variables affect long-term profitability is essential for growers aiming to maximize returns on investment. This study presents an economic evaluation of a long-term field trial conducted in New York State (Yonder Farm, southeastern region) from 2007 to 2017. The trial focused on 'Delicious' apples and assessed the interaction between ten rootstocks (B.118, G.11, G.16, G.210, G.30, G.41, G.935, M.26, M.7, and M.9) and four training systems with varying planting densities: Super Spindle (5,382 trees·ha

Indexed as

net present valueorchard designorchard profitplanting densitysustainabilityyield

Identifiers

PMID41852573
PMCPMC12993458

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.