ArticleFrontiers in physiology2026
Exercise modality-dependent non-hypertrophic anabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Diagnostic Value of Gastrocnemius Shear Wave Elastography Combined With BMI in Different Stages of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sex Differences: A Cross-Sectional Study.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently accompanied by progressive skeletal muscle loss and dysfunction, commonly referred to as diabetic sarcopenia. Exercise is an established non-pharmacological therapy for T2DM; however, how different exercise modalities differentially influence skeletal muscle protein regulation and anabolic signaling remains unclear. This study compared the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and their combination on skeletal muscle protein content and irisin-associated anabolic signaling in a rat model of T2DM. Methods: Male rats with diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2DM were assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined aerobic-resistance exercise, or sedentary diabetic control for 8 weeks. Metabolic indices, skeletal muscle mass and morphology, and molecular markers related to muscle protein content, proteolytic signaling, and anabolic pathways were assessed using biochemical, histological, and protein expression analyses. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited impaired metabolic profiles, reduced skeletal muscle mass and protein content, and increased muscle fibrosis. All exercise modalities improved selected metabolic indices. Exercise intervention significantly increased skeletal muscle protein content across all exercise groups, despite minimal changes in muscle fiber cross-sectional area and no detectable suppression of canonical ubiquitin-proteasome atrophy markers. Resistance-containing exercise modalities showed greater engagement of integrin α7β1 and PI3K-related signaling components, whereas AKT and mTOR responses were observed across exercise modalities. Exercise increased skeletal muscle irisin expression. Conclusion: Exercise intervention in diabetic skeletal muscle induces a non-hypertrophic anabolic adaptation characterized by increased muscle protein content and patterned activation of anabolic signaling pathways. Resistance-containing exercise preferentially engaged select mechanotransduction-related signaling components without conferring global superiority across outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.