ArticleFrontiers in microbiomes2025
Cold-water immersion alleviates intestinal damage induced by exertional heat stroke via modulation of gut microbiota in rats.
Article in Frontiers in microbiomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The pathogenesis of exertional heatstroke (EHS) involves substantial contributions from gut microbiota and their metabolites. In this study, we assessed whether cold water immersion (CWI) mitigates EHS-induced intestinal damage via alterations in the microbiome. Methods: An EHS model was created with 18 Wistar rats divided into three groups, that is, the EHS group comprising rats with exertional heat stroke, the CWI group with rats with heatstroke treated with cold water immersion, and the control (CTRL) group (rats with normothermia control). Pathological changes, core temperature (Tcore), and lactic acid (Lac) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were evaluated. Fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic shotgun sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for microbiota and metabolomic profiling. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that CWI treatment significantly reduced EHS-induced intestinal congestion, edema, and necrosis compared to the EHS group. The EHS group had the highest Tcore, while the CWI group had significantly lower Tcore than the EHS group. The CWI group had significantly reduced LPS and Lac levels, similar to those observed in the CTRL group. Microbiome analysis indicated that EHS disrupted gut bacteria, with an increase in the proportion of pathogens such as Conclusion: The metabolites inosine, taurine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine correlated with restored gut microbiota, reduced proportion of
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.