ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026
Balancing public health needs and economic sustainability: A dual-matrix model for community pharmacy inventory management.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Community pharmacies must balance public health obligations with economic sustainability. However, integrated methods that jointly manage medical and non-medical inventory in community pharmacies in LMICs are limited. Objective: To develop and apply a dual-matrix model separating medical from non-medical products into operational control categories and introducing a High-Medium-Low profitability (HML-P) classification. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis of all items handled in six community pharmacies in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the analyzed 2022 year (12-month period) (n = 10,541). Medical products were classified by Always Better Control (ABC) by purchase value and Fast-/Slow-/Non-moving (FSN) by dispensing frequency (predefined thresholds: >4/day = F, 1-4 = S, <1 = N) to form an ABC-FSN matrix. Non-medical products were classified by ABC and a new HML-P scheme (expert-defined Pareto cut-offs: 70%/20%/10% of cumulative gross profit) to form an ABC-HML-P matrix. Each matrix was consolidated into three control categories: I (strict), II (moderate) and III (minimal). Results: Non-medical products constituted 76.4% of all items. The ABC-FSN matrix identified Im = 149 medical products for strict control, while the non-medical ABC-HML-P matrix identified Inm = 580 items for strict control and a large segment for minimal oversight (IIInm = 6218). A pronounced Pareto pattern was observed (≈10% of items accounted for 70% of spend and 70% of gross profit), alongside low daily movement (only 3.2% dispensed ≥1/day). Conclusions: The proposed dual-matrix model provides a practical decision-support tool for community pharmacies. It helps prioritize availability of patient-critical medical products while supporting economic sustainability.
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