ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026
Patients' expectations, willingness to use, and willingness to pay for telepharmacy in rural and urban community pharmacies.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Telepharmacy has the potential to improve access to pharmacy services in both rural and urban settings. However, limited studies have examined differences in patients' perspectives between these populations. Objective: This study assessed patients' expectations, willingness to use (WTU), and willingness to pay (WTP) for telepharmacy, and identified determinants of expectations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients attending community pharmacies in rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, expectations, WTU, WTP, and preferred telepharmacy services. Expectation scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney Results: A total of 405 patients were included (204 rural; 201 urban). Rural patients reported significantly higher expectations toward telepharmacy than urban patients (mean rank 223.08 vs. 182.62, Conclusion: Urban patients showed greater willingness to use telepharmacy, whereas rural patients demonstrated higher expectations and willingness to pay. These findings highlight the need for patient-centered and financially sustainable telepharmacy models tailored to population differences.
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