Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41852257›Full record

ArticleClinical nursing research2026

Avoiding Fragmentation and Salami Slicing in Mixed Methods Research.

Nick Nijkamp, Pauline Calleja, Leanne Jack, Ashlyn Sahay

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical nursing research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nick NijkampCQUniversity, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3111-3000
Pauline CallejaJames Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5674-1404
Leanne JackCQUniversity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7154-4721
Ashlyn SahayCQUniversity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3756-5358

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mixed methods research (MMR) offers rich opportunities for doctoral inquiry, but its complexity demands careful navigation of design, data integration, and dissemination. For doctoral candidates, one under-recognised risk is the ethical and methodological challenge of fragmentation and salami-slicing practices that undermine the coherence and transparency central to MMR. Fragmentation involves separating components of a study across publications, while salami slicing divides a dataset into minimally contributive outputs, often misaligning with the original study design. This discussion paper addresses the implications of these practices in the context of doctoral research and supervision. It highlights the need for supervisory guidance in ethically planning publications, particularly in aligning dissemination with MMR design logic. Drawing on doctoral inquiry and supervisory discourse, the paper proposes design-informed strategies to help candidates and supervisors protect the integrity of MMR. In doing so, it contributes to the methodological literature by offering actionable guidance for ethically navigating dissemination within the context of complex, mixed methods doctoral projects.

Indexed as

Research Designclinical research areasfragmentationmethodsmixed-methodssalami-slicing

Identifiers

PMID41852257
PMCPMC13149989

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.