ReviewPain research & management2026
Perineural Administration of Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.
Review in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Perineural Administration of Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.Pain research & management · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeuropathic pain occurs as a direct consequence of a lesion or a disease affecting the somatosensory system. Because of the limited therapeutic arsenal, it is difficult to treat. Nevertheless, pain relief has been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials treating neuropathic pain patients with subcutaneous or intradermal administrations of botulinum toxin. However, this type of administration route shows limits; for example, the painful area may be too large for subcutaneous administration, or administration discomfort would be intolerable for direct injection into the painful area. For these reasons, alternative routes have been investigated, including the perineural one.
objectiveIn the present review, we critically assess currently available clinical studies on perineural botulinum toxin administration for chronic pain treatment. We also discuss its possible underlying mechanisms and compare it to those of subcutaneous botulinum toxin administration.
resultsStudies demonstrated that perineural injection of botulinum toxin is an interesting alternative for the treatment of chronic pain, both for reducing pain intensity and improving quality of life. In addition to few reported side effects, compared to other pharmacological interventions, its strength also lies in its long-lasting effects.
conclusionDespite promising results, the limited available literature cannot recommend this route of administration over others. More significant results and randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to support with confidence this route of administration.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.