Neuroprotective and Renoprotective Potential of a Hydroethanolic Extract From the Aerial Parts of Mattiastrum paphlagonicum Bornm. (Boraginaceae).

This study provides an analysis of the endemic plant Mattiastrum paphlagonicum Bornm.(Synonym Paracaryum paphlagonicum (Bornm.) R.R. Mill), focusing on enzyme activity, secondary metabolite content, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), as well as phenolic and flavonoid levels, all within the context of a hydroethanolic extract prepared from M. paphlagonicum and its biodiversity, for the first time. Rosmarinic acid and rutin were identified at concentrations of 87.56 ± 0.09  and 0.96 ± 0.15 mg/g of the plant extract, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured as 0.85 ± 0.004 mg gallic acid equivalent/mL and 0.077 ± 0.014 mg rutin equivalent/mL. The extract exhibited exceptionally strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity, with a value of 231.746 ± 0.009 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/mL extract, and high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reaching 168.229 ± 0.004 mg AAE/mL extract. The percentage inhibition for tyrosinase and carbonic anhydrase by the extract was 97.6 ± 0.011% and 77.07 ± 0.996%, respectively. The extract is a rich source of bioactive compounds and has considerable inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and carbonic anhydrase enzymes. These findings highlight the plant's potential for neuroprotective and renoprotective pharmacological applications.