Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41852085›Full record

Trial reportJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2026

Frailty and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: The SAVE Study.

Shoujiang You, Danni Zheng, Katie Harris, Kelly A Loffler, R Doug McEvoy, Ruth Peters, Qiang Li, Ferran Barbé, Linan Chen, Xiaoying Chen and 7 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00738179 (Sleep Apnea cardioVascular Endpoints Study - Investigating the Effectiveness of Treatment With CPAP vs Standard Care in Reducing CV Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Co-existing CV Disease and Moderate-severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00738179 phase3unknown statusnot on this map

Sleep Apnea cardioVascular Endpoints Study - Investigating the Effectiveness of Treatment With CPAP vs Standard Care in Reducing CV Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Co-existing CV Disease and Moderate-severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

TypeinterventionalSponsorAdelaide Institute for Sleep HealthRan2008 to 2015Enrolled2,500ConditionsSleep Apnea, Cardiovascular DiseaseArmsContinuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), Standard care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Shoujiang YouDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-0853
Danni ZhengThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Katie HarrisThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Kelly A LofflerFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
R Doug McEvoyFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Ruth PetersThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Qiang LiThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Ferran BarbéRespiratory Department, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida, Madrid, Spain.
Linan ChenThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Xiaoying ChenThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Yongjun CaoDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Chun-Feng LiuDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Geraldo Lorenzi-FilhoInstituto do Coracao (Incor) and Hospital Universitario, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
John ChalmersThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Craig S AndersonThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
SAVE Investigators

Funding

Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, the Australasian Sleep Trials Network 343020Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias 13/02053National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia 1006501 (2011-2015)National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia 1060078 (2014-2016))Respironics Sleep and Respiratory Research Foundation and Philips RespironicsSpanish Respiratory Society 105-2011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFrailty is a common syndrome in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether frailty modifies the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with established CVD and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is uncertain. We aimed to determine associations of frailty and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in adults with moderate-severe OSA and established CVD.

methodsPost hoc analyses of the international Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints (SAVE) trial where participants from 89 clinical centres in seven countries with moderate-to-severe OSA and established CVD were randomised to usual care plus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment or usual care alone. Participants were categorised using the Rockwood frailty index (FI) into three groups: nonfrail (FI ≤ 0.210), moderately frail (FI 0.211-0.310) and severely frail (FI ≥ 0.311). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of FI and both composite and individual cardiovascular outcomes over an average follow-up period of 3.7 years.

resultsThere were 2653 OSA participants (mean age 61.3 [SD 7.8] years, and 507 [19.1%] were female) with established CVD included with a mean FI of 0.290 (SD 0.125). There were 783 (29.5%) and 1006 (37.9%) classified as moderately and severely frail, respectively. Compared to those without frailty, those with severe frailty had increased risks of the composite cardiovascular endpoint (hazard ratio [HR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88-3.11), and separately for stroke (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.54-3.74), hospitalisation for unstable angina (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.98-4.35), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.01-3.11) and CVD death (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.13-5.60), during a mean 3.7 years of follow-up. There was a similar level of adherence to CPAP treatment (p = 0.488) across baseline frailty groups and no heterogeneity in the effect of CPAP treatment on composite and separate cardiovascular events.

conclusionsIn the SAVE cohort of adults with co-occurring OSA and CVD, a higher FI was associated with significantly higher risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Frailty did not modify CPAP treatment adherence or the effect of CPAP on recurrent cardiovascular events.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00738179.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesFrailtySleep Apnea, ObstructiveAgedContinuous Positive Airway PressureFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRecurrenceRisk Factorsfrailtyobstructive sleep apnoearecurrent cardiovascular eventsrisk predictionSAVE

Identifiers

PMID41852085
PMCPMC13140912

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.