Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41851851›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2026

The correlations between napping and subjective sleep and daytime functioning in Chinese insomnia patients: a large-scale real-world study.

You-Dan Wei, Li-Shan Ren, Jun-Hang Zhang, Ming-Jian Cai, Cai-E Ma, Ming-Fen Song, You Xu, Li-Li Yang, Hong-Jing Mao, Wen-Juan Liu

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

You-Dan WeiDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Li-Shan RenDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Jun-Hang ZhangDepartment of Information Science, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Ming-Jian CaiDepartment of Information Science, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Cai-E MaDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Ming-Fen SongDepartment of Hospital Infections, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
You XuDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Li-Li YangDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China.
Hong-Jing MaoDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China. maohongjing@hz7hospital.com.
Wen-Juan LiuDepartment of Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China. juan_2001juan@163.com.

Funding

Hangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Project. A20210156The Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou 2025HZZD15Zhejiang Province's 'Pioneer' and 'Leader' Science and Technology Support Projects and East-West Cooperation Projects 2024C04024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aims to explore the associations between napping and subjective sleep quality and daytime functioning in insomnia patients, providing a valuable reference for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of insomnia disorders.

methodsWe conducted a survey using the “Good Sleep 365” application and collected sleep diary entries from patients with insomnia. On the basis of self-reported sleep diary data, the participants were categorized into a nap group and a nonnap group. We then analyzed and compared the differences in nighttime sleep and daytime functioning between the two groups.

resultsWe collected a total of 97,471 user sleep diary entries. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in sleep quality, sleep latency, and daytime functioning between the two groups. The proportion of participants in the nonnap group who reported good sleep quality, fell asleep within 30 min and exhibited optimal daytime functioning was significantly greater than that in the nap group (all P-values < 0.001).

conclusionBased on a large-scale investigation of Chinese insomnia patients, this study demonstrates significant associations between napping behavior and compromised sleep outcomes, including prolonged sleep latency, reduced sleep quality, and impaired daytime functioning. While the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, these robust findings underscore the clinical relevance of napping assessment in insomnia management and provide an empirical foundation for developing culturally adapted sleep hygiene recommendations for Chinese populations. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

SleepSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSleep QualityAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf ReportSleep DurationSleep LatencyDaytime FunctioningInsomniaNappingNighttime Sleep Quality

Identifiers

PMID41851851
PMCPMC13122970

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.