Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41851468›Full record

ArticleNature2026

Adaptive evolution of gene regulatory networks in mammalian neocortex.

Zhuo Li, Navjot Kaur, Gabriel Santpere, Sydney K Muchnik, Suvimal Kumar Sindhu, Cai Qi, Mikihito Shibata, Olivier Clément, Thomas S Klarić, Xabier de Martin and 31 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Early life allergen sensitivity starts in the skin.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Zhuo Li *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-8989
Navjot Kaur *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8514-203X
Gabriel Santpere *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-8637
Sydney K Muchnik *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Suvimal Kumar Sindhu *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Cai Qi *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-0754
Mikihito Shibata *Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Olivier ClémentHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-8931
Thomas S KlarićDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-1049
Xabier de MartinNeurogenomics Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.
Victor LuriaDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Hyesun ChoDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-768X
Mingfeng LiDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Akemi ShibataDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6761-691X
Sang-Hun ChoiDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Hyojin KimDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-5745
Andrew T N TebbenkampDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-3427
Shaojie MaDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Wenqi HanDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Suel-Kee KimDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-9304
Sirisha PochareddyDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Phan Q DuyDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-7348
Xiaojun XingDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yunhua BaoDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Xuming XuDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Ivan Enghian Gladwyn-NgHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Hayley Daniella CullenHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Annalisa PaolinoSchool of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Laura R FenlonSchool of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-2419
Peter KozulinSchool of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7872-9884
Rodrigo SuárezSchool of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-5652
Ryan D RisgaardDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-9843
Forrest O GuldenDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Amir KargerIT-Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-3850
Ikuo K SuzukiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-0292
Tatsumi HirataBrain Function Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima-shi, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-2959
Kevin T GobeskeDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Linda J RichardsSchool of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-7390
André M M SousaDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1740-5066
Julian I-T HengHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-7078
Nenad SestanDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. nenad.sestan@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-9619

Funding

Functional Genomics of Human Brain DevelopmentP50MH106934 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SESTAN, NENAD · 2014 to 2019
$7.9M
1/2 Cell Type and Region-Specific Regulatory Networks in Human Brain Development and DisordersU01MH116488 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SESTAN, NENAD · 2018 to 2022
$6.5M
Integrated Training For Physician-ScientistsT32GM140935 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Anna Huttenlocher, Jeniel E Nett · 2021 to 2026
$6.5M
Heterogeneity of Forebrain Neural PrecursorsR01NS095654 · NINDS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI HAYDAR, TARIK F, SESTAN, NENAD · 2015 to 2019
$3.4M
Developmental cell census of human and non-human primate brainU01MH124619 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SESTAN, NENAD · 2020 to 2022
$3.3M
1/3 Integrative Genomic Analysis of Human Brain Development and AutismR01MH110926 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SESTAN, NENAD · 2016 to 2019
$3.2M
1/2 Identification and Validation of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) in discrete cell types across human brain developmentR01MH122678 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SESTAN, NENAD · 2023 to 2025
$2.2M
Identification of Genetic and Molecular Bases of Derived Phenotypes in Primate Brain DevelopmentR01HG010898 · NHGRI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SANTPERE BARO, GABRIEL, SESTAN, NENAD · 2020 to 2023
$2.2M
Association of gene expression and brain connectivity in human cerebral cortex development and adulthoodR01MH129981 · NIMH · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI HUANG, HAO · 2022 to 2025
$1.8M
1/2 Identification and Validation of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) in discrete cell types across human brain developmentU01MH122678 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SESTAN, NENAD · 2021 to 2022
$1.4M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG010898NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM140935NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH106934NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110926NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH122678NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH129981NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH116488NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH122678NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH124619NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS095654
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammals have evolved a more complex brain, exemplified by the transformation of the single-layer dorsal cortex of excitatory projection neurons (ExNs) in ancestors into a multilayered cerebral neocortex

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionEvolution, MolecularGene Regulatory NetworksMammalsNeocortexAnimalsFemaleHumansMaleMiceNeuronsRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidRepressor ProteinsTranscription FactorsRepressor ProteinsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID41851468
PMCPMC13149332

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.