Rapid neurological recovery in Guillain-Barré syndrome treated with efgartigimod.

Efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor that accelerates IgG degradation, remains understudied in treatment of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of efgartigimod in GBS patients. A retrospective analysis included 17 GBS patients (5 patients treated by efgartigimod, 8 patients treated by IVIg, 4 patients treated by PE). Primary outcome is time to a one-point improvement in GBS-DS and time to regain unaided walking ability. GBS-DS score, Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score, Medical Research Council (MRC) scores, the proportions of patients with INCAT score ≤ 2 and those achieving full MRC score were recorded at baseline and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-treatment. Adverse reactions were monitored throughout the treatment period. The patients treated by efgartigimod demonstrated significantly faster improvement of 1-point on the GBS-DS (4.00 days vs. IVIg: 7.00 days, PE: 11.50 days; p = 0.033) and higher proportions of patients with INCAT scores ≤ 2 (80% vs. 12.5% [IVIg], 25% [PE]; p = 0.039) and full MRC scores (80% vs. 12.5% [IVIg]; p = 0.045) at 1 week. Adverse events were mild (20% vs.50% PE). Efgartigimod offers rapid symptom relief and functional recovery in GBS compared to IVIg and PE. These findings highlight its potential as a novel therapeutic option.