Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41850861›Full record

Trial reportJournal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis2026

Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The RICAIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Kazuo Kitagawa, Kentaro Ishizuka, Ryosuke Doijiri, Kenji Maruyama, Manabu Sakaguchi, Shuji Hino, Yutaka Honma, Yoko Kimura, Yasuyuki Iguchi, Teruyuki Hirano and 17 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Kazuo KitagawaDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Kentaro IshizukaDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Ryosuke DoijiriDepartment of Neurology, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital.
Kenji MaruyamaDepartment of Neurology, Toda Chuo general Hospital.
Manabu SakaguchiDepartment of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center.
Shuji HinoDepartment of Neurology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital.
Yutaka HonmaDepartment of Neurology, Showa General Hospital.
Yoko KimuraDepartment of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital.
Yasuyuki IguchiDepartment of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine.
Teruyuki HiranoDepartment of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kyorin University.
Momoyo OdaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital.
Kiyotaka OiDepartment of Neurology, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital.
Sono ToiDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Takafumi MizunoDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Satoko AraiDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Megumi HosoyaDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Sho WakoDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Shuntaro TakahashiDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Moeko SaitoLaboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School.
Kenichi TodoDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Tomonari SaitoDepartment of Neurology, Nippon Medical School.
Kazumi KimuraDepartment of Neurology, Nippon Medical School.
Tetsuro AgoDepartment of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
Takanari KitazonoDepartment of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
Yasuto SatoCenter for Health Informatics Policy, National Institute of Public Health.
Takao HoshinoDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
Remote Ischemic conditioning for Acute Ischemic Stroke (RICAIS) study group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsPreclinical studies have shown that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has a neuroprotective effect; however, the findings of clinical studies are inconsistent. This study aimed to show the effect of RIC on acute ischemic stroke while considering its severity at baseline.

methodsWe enrolled 79 patients with ischemic stroke who had National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of 5-20 within 48 h after stroke onset and randomized them into the RIC [n = 43] and control groups [n = 36]. The intervention was performed using an inflatable cuff on one lower extremity. In the RIC group, each treatment consisted of four cycles of 5 min cuff inflation and deflation. The treatment was repeated once daily for at least three days. Based on the NIHSS score, the patients were divided into three groups: mild (NIHSS 5-9), moderate (NIHSS 10-14), and severe (NIHSS 15-20). The primary outcome was a good functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-1 in the mild group, 0-2 in the moderate group, and 0-3 in the severe group.

resultsAmong the 79 patients (mean age, 65.0 years, 40 women), 7 (16.3%) in the RIC group and 8 (22.2%) in the control group had good functional outcomes (odds ratio, 0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.29-1.82]; P = 0.502). The incidences of major adverse cardiovascular events, aspiration pneumonia, and serious adverse events were similar in both the groups.

conclusionAlthough this study may have been underpowered, RIC initiated within 48 h of stroke onset did not seem to improve the functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.

Indexed as

Brain IschemiaIschemic PreconditioningIschemic StrokeAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedSeverity of Illness IndexTreatment OutcomeBrain protectionIschemic strokeRandomized controlled trialRemote ischemic conditioning

Identifiers

PMID41850861
PMCPMC13345713

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.