ArticleThe Journal of small animal practice2026
Fulkerson-based oblique novel technique (FONT) to treat concurrent cranial cruciate ligament disease and medial patellar luxation in the dog.
Article in The Journal of small animal practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo assess the theoretical and morphometric effects of a novel oblique tibial tuberosity osteotomy technique designed to enable simultaneous advancement and lateralisation of the tibial tuberosity using a tibial tuberosity advancement cage for the surgical treatment of concurrent cranial cruciate ligament disease and medial patellar luxation in dogs. STUDY
designComputational modelling and ex vivo cadaveric study. ANIMALS: Fourteen pelvic limbs from mixed-breed dog cadavers (15.8 to 25.3 kg). MATERIALS AND
methodsTheoretical calculations were performed to quantify tibial tuberosity displacement based on osteotomy angle and cage size using trigonometric principles. A 3D computer simulation was used to evaluate four osteotomy angles (0°, 25°, 30° and 35°). Oblique osteotomies targeting 30° were performed freehand on 14 cadaveric tibiae. Pre- and postoperative CT scans were used to measure the actual osteotomy angles achieved. Shapiro-Wilk and paired t-tests were used to assess data normality and statistical significance, respectively.
resultsThe mean osteotomy angle achieved was 32.27° (SD ±3.4°), significantly different from the target angle of 30°. Lateralisation and advancement percentages for the tibial tuberosity were as follows: 0°: 0% lateralisation, 100% advancement; 25°: 42.3%, 90.7%; 30°: 50.0%, 86.7%; 35°: 57.3% and 82.0%, respectively. For all cage sizes (3, 6, 9 and 12 mm), lateral translation consistently exceeded the target value, whereas cranial translation was consistently lower than the target, showing statistically significant differences.
conclusionSimultaneous tibial tuberosity advancement and lateralisation could be achieved using an oblique osteotomy and standard tibial tuberosity advancement cage. However, freehand osteotomies demonstrate limited accuracy, suggesting that cutting guides may improve consistency. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This technique offers a novel approach to treat dogs with concurrent cranial cruciate ligament disease and medial patellar luxation, potentially simplifying surgical management through a single, oblique osteotomy.
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