ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2026
Factors associated with antibiotic prescription among patients with respiratory illness in Thailand: The potential impact of rapid influenza diagnostic testing in antimicrobial stewardship.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesOveruse of antibiotics is one of the drivers of antimicrobial resistance, especially in acute respiratory tract infection. We examined factors associated with antibiotic prescription among patients treated at two Thai hospitals during 2018-2022.
methodsMedical records of patients with respiratory illness were reviewed to abstract demographics, clinical features, diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes. Factors associated with antibiotic prescribing were assessed. Inappropriate use was defined as antibiotic receipt without laboratory-confirmed bacterial infection, severe symptoms, or clinically suspected bacterial pneumonia.
resultsAmong 905 inpatients and 1811 outpatients, 46.7% and 31.9% received antibiotics, of which 7.8% and 45.1% were inappropriate, respectively. In-hospital antibiotic use was stable in 2018-2020 (59.0-64.0%) before declining sharply in 2022 (22.7%). Outpatient antibiotic use was stable in 2018-2019 (36.3-29.0%), increased in 2020-2021 (41.8-41.7%), and declined in 2022 (11.5%). Patients aged >65 years (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.30); males (aRR 1.11); and those with unstable vital signs (aRR 1.18), ancillary testing (aRR 1.37), hospitalization (aRR 1.23), or bacterial infection (aRR 1.71) had higher odds of receiving antibiotics. Children aged 1 year (aRR 0.81), those with a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test (aRR 0.32), and those treated at a study hospital (aRR 0.83) were less likely to receive antibiotics. Antiviral treatment was associated with lower antibiotic use in 2021-2022 (aRR 0.44 and 0.19) but not in 2019-2020.
conclusionAntibiotic use among patients with respiratory illness was common, although nearly half of outpatient prescriptions were inappropriate. A positive result from rapid influenza diagnostic test was associated with reduced antibiotic prescribing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.