Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41850249›Full record

ReviewCancer science2026

Early-Onset Digestive System Cancers: Risk Factors and Clinicopathological and Molecular Features Across Organ Sites.

Nobuhiro Nakazawa, Satoko Ugai, Atsushi Kondo, Kosuke Matsuda, Shu Kato, Genki Usui, Shiori Tanaka, Hwa-Young Lee, Xinyuan Zhang, Hideo Miyagawa and 8 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Nobuhiro NakazawaDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Satoko UgaiDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Atsushi KondoDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kosuke MatsudaDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shu KatoDivision of Integrative Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Genki UsuiDepartment of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich; Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-8674
Shiori TanakaDivision of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Hwa-Young LeeGraduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Xinyuan ZhangChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Hideo MiyagawaPreventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
Mai Chan LauBioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Hiroshi SaekiDepartment of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
Yukihide KanemitsuDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Andrew T ChanClinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shuji OginoDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Minkyo SongLaboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Juha P VäyrynenTranslational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-2996
Tomotaka UgaiDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5269

Funding

American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor Award CRP-24-1185864-01-PROFAmerican Institute for Cancer ResearchBrigham and Women's HospitalCancer Research UK Grand Challenge Award C10674/A27140Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 23K20052Intramural Research Program of the NIH National Institute on Aging ZIA AG000522National Cancer Research and Development Fund 2025-A-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incidence of early-onset cancers, commonly defined as cancers diagnosed before age 50 years, has been increasing globally over recent decades. In particular, the incidence of several early-onset digestive system cancers, including cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, and pancreas, has been reported to be increasing in multiple regions. To elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms and develop effective prevention, earlier detection, and treatment strategies, further evidence is needed on risk factors and clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on these characteristics, highlight shared and distinct features across organ sites, and discuss research opportunities to address the rising burden of early-onset digestive system cancers.

Indexed as

Digestive System NeoplasmsAge of OnsetHumansIncidencePrognosisRisk FactorsTumor Microenvironmentdigestive system cancersearly‐onset cancermolecular pathologyprognosisrisk factorstumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41850249
PMCPMC13134529

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.