ArticleEpidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil2026
Prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease attended at a nephrology outpatient clinic and its association with the outcome of renal replacement therapy over five years: a retrospective cohort study, Municipality of São Paulo, 2010-2018.
Article in Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with the need for renal replacement therapy for five years in a specialized outpatient clinic.
methodsRetrospective cohort study that included patients admitted to a nephrology outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2018 in the municipality of São Paulo. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed using frequencies and absolute values. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women. Clinical data and the need for renal replacement therapy over five years between patients with and without anemia at admission were compared. For statistical analyses, Pearson's chi-square and Student's t or Mann-Whitney U tests, Kaplan-Meier curve with log-rank test, and survival analysis using Cox regression were used.
resultsThe study included 534 patients, 41.8% of whom were diagnosed with anemia at admission. Hypertension (35.2%) and diabetes (27.5%) were the leading causes of chronic kidney disease. In five years, 4.1% progressed to renal replacement therapy. Anemia at admission was associated with a higher risk of the outcome (hazard ratio - HR 3.24; 95% confidence interval-95%CI 1.38; 7.61). Hemoglobin level was an independent predictor of outcome (HR 0.766; 95%CI 0.593; 0.989).
conclusionA high prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease was found in patients from Primary Health Care. Hemoglobin level was an independent variable associated with the outcome.
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