Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41849310›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Decoding green space supply-demand mismatch through urban morphology: Toward equitable urban planning with explainable machine learning.

Lijuan Sun, Wei Liu, Qiqi Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lijuan SunCollege of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Wei LiuCollege of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Qiqi LiuCollege of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2015-4600

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urban green spaces (UGS), as essential components of urban ecological infrastructure, play a vital role in improving residents' quality of life and fostering spatial equity. However, rapid urbanization and intensive land use have intensified UGS supply-demand mismatches and associated "green inequities", while their spatial drivers remain insufficiently understood. Taking the central urban area of Nanjing as a case study, this study developed a comprehensive framework to quantify UGS supply, demand, and spatial mismatches in 2022, thereby revealing inequities in green resource allocation. An explainable machine learning model (XGBoost-SHAP) was further applied to identify the urban morphological drivers of these mismatches. The results showed that all traffic analysis zones (TAZs) experienced varying degrees of spatial mismatch: 48 TAZs in urban core suffered from severe green space deficits, whereas 203 TAZs in peripheral areas exhibited evident surpluses. We found a clear gap between provision and residents' actual benefits, with "quantitative abundance" not translating into "qualitative accessibility". Regarding driving mechanisms, urban compactness and floor area ratio exerted significant negative impacts on supply-demand balance, while road density and land-use mix further amplified spatial inequities. In contrast, public facility coverage and the proportion of residential land played positive roles in mitigating mismatches. Based on these findings, we propose governance strategies that move beyond an "area-oriented" approach, emphasizing urban morphology optimization to align green space services with residents' needs. Overall, this study offers practical insights for equity-oriented green space planning and spatial governance in rapidly urbanizing regions, advancing social equity and environmental justice.

Indexed as

City PlanningConservation of Natural ResourcesMachine LearningBoosting Machine Learning AlgorithmsChinaCitiesHumansUrbanization

Identifiers

PMID41849310
PMCPMC12998812

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.