Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41849065›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Implementation and Use of Entrustable Professional Activities in the Internal Medicine Acting Internship.

Andrew Orr, Allison Ferris, T Robert Vu, Matthew Fitz, William Adams, Jennifer Readlynn, Irsk Anderson, Amit Pahwa, Adam Garber

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Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andrew OrrUniversity of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. Andrew.orr@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-4568
Allison FerrisFlorida Atlantic University Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
T Robert VuIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Matthew FitzLoyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
William AdamsLoyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
Jennifer ReadlynnUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
Irsk AndersonUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Amit PahwaJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Adam GarberVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe internal medicine acting internship (AI rotation) is a capstone rotation for demonstrating residency readiness, yet grading inflation and rotation variability limit transparent assessment and communication of student skills to residency programs. The Association of American Medical Colleges' Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (EPAs) offer a shared assessment framework, but their implementation in the AI rotation is incompletely characterized nationally.

objectiveTo describe national usage of EPAs in the AI rotation, identify which EPAs are emphasized, and examine associations between EPA use and assessment/grading practices.

designCross-sectional electronic survey of AI rotation course directors (January 2023) with selected comparison to prior medicine core clerkship benchmarks.

participantsCourse directors at LCME-accredited US schools (71/140; response rate 50.7%). MAIN MEASURES: We evaluated the presence of EPA-focused teaching and assessment in the AI rotation, as well as the correlation of EPA incorporation with institutional practices surrounding student assessment and evaluation. KEY

resultsMost institutions (57%) reported EPA incorporation into the AI rotation. Higher complexity EPAs such as EPA 4 (entering/discussing orders), EPA 8 (patient handover), and EPA 10 (urgent/emergent care) were more frequently assessed in the AI rotation than in the core clerkship, although assessment rates for these EPAs remained below 50%. EPA incorporation was correlated with the use of required workplace-based assessments and competency-based rubrics but showed no association with the use of narrative comments in evaluation (p = 0.76), institutional grading structure (p = 0.57), use of grading committees (p = 0.41), perceived grade inflation (p = 0.47), or inclusion of grade distributions in the MSPE (p = 0.23). Reported gaps included limited instruction and formative assessment for EPA 8 and EPA 10.

conclusionDespite growing adoption, EPA incorporation during the AI rotation remains heterogeneous. Greater intentional incorporation of EPAs to align with acting intern responsibilities represents an opportunity to improve the UME-GME transition.

Indexed as

Competency-based assessmentEntrustable professional activityUndergraduate medical education

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.