Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41848939›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of microbiology & biotechnology2026

Dose-dependent effect of Bacillus subtilis on aquaculture pond ecosystems.

Weiming Liu, Xiaolong Bo, Yanhao Cao, Jianchun Xiao, Run Zhang, Hongli Liu, Defang Chen, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang, Xiaoli Huang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Weiming Liu *Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Xiaolong Bo *Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Yanhao Cao *Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Jianchun XiaoChengdu Yukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
Run ZhangDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Hongli LiuDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Defang ChenDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Yi GengDepartment of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Ping OuyangDepartment of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
Xiaoli HuangDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. hxlscau@126.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation Project of Sichuan Province Science and Technology Department NO: 2025ZNSFSC0275
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis has shown potential as a probiotic for water quality regulation in aquaculture, but its dose-dependent effects remain insufficiently studied. This study established low-concentration (2.25 × 105 CFU·mL− 1, L) and high-concentration (4.50 × 105 CFU·mL− 1, H) treatment groups, integrating water quality analysis, spectrophotometry, and 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to dynamically monitor physicochemical parameters (transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, sediment redox potential), chlorophyll content, and microbial community changes at the aquaculture water and sediment at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h. Results demonstrated that the high dose delivered faster and larger declines in ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll a/b/c, accompanied by a transient nitrite rise (6 h) and a brief DO dip that resolved by 24–48 h. The low dose produced steadier improvements with smaller oxygen perturbations and greater short-term stability. Sediment redox potential increased at 6–24 h under both doses, indicating a shift toward more oxidizing conditions at the sediment-water interface. In the water column, Firmicutes (with transient Exiguobacterium) were enriched while Proteobacteria remained stable; in sediment, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi dominated, with Thiobacillus and Lysobacter increasing under both doses (more pronounced in H). Predicted functional potential suggested a stronger predicted enrichment of nitrogen-transformation–related functional categories in H at 6 h (e.g., ureolysis; nitrite/nitrate respiration; nitrate reduction), whereas categories annotated as animal parasites/symbionts were reduced; categories annotated as chemoheterotrophy and chitinolysis remained high in the predicted profiles. Collectively, these findings support a practical dosing strategy: high dose for rapid remediation (acute nitrogen removal and algal control) and low dose for stabilization with minimal ecological disturbance with minimal disturbance.

Indexed as

AquacultureBacillus subtilisEcosystemPondsProbioticsAmmoniaBacteriaChlorophyllGeologic SedimentsMicrobiotaNitritesNitrogenOxidation-ReductionOxygenRNA, Ribosomal, 16SWater MicrobiologyAmmoniaChlorophyllNitritesNitrogenOxygenRNA, Ribosomal, 16SBacillus subtilisDose–responseNitrogen transformationSediment - water microbiome

Identifiers

PMID41848939

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.