Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41848392›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science. Processes & impacts2026

Sea anemones extract tin associated with polyvinyl chloride pre-production pellets.

Zoie Diana, Megan Swanson, Danielle Brown, Jessica Wang, Jessica Zhao, Nelson A Rivera, Heileen Hsu-Kim, Daniel Rittschof

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science. Processes & impacts, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zoie DianaDuke University, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA. zoie.diana@utoronto.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-4238
Megan SwansonDuke University, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA. zoie.diana@utoronto.ca.
Danielle BrownDuke University, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA. zoie.diana@utoronto.ca.
Jessica WangDuke University, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA. zoie.diana@utoronto.ca.
Jessica ZhaoDuke University, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA. zoie.diana@utoronto.ca.
Nelson A RiveraDuke University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 236 Wilkinson Building, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
Heileen Hsu-KimDuke University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 236 Wilkinson Building, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0675-4308
Daniel RittschofDuke University, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA. zoie.diana@utoronto.ca.

Funding

Duke University Program in Environmental HealthT32ES021432 · NIEHS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Akhenaton-Andrew Dhafir Jones, Joel Newman Meyer · 2013 to 2026
$4.0M
NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES021432
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Marine animals consume microplastics; however, it remains unknown if plastic additives can be extracted from ingested microplastics. This research utilizes animal behavior experiments and analytical chemistry to determine if sea anemones consume plastic pre-production pellets and extract lead (Pb) and tin (Sn) additives from pellets. We compared the consumption of PVC pellets to shrimp-extract-flavored PVC pellets. The time from pellet ingestion to egestion (feeding retention time) averaged 7-10 hours and did not differ between untreated (83% of pellets consumed) and shrimp-flavored PVC pellets (100% of pellets consumed). Sequential feeding of the previously consumed pellets to new anemones rapidly decreased feeding retention time until pellets were no longer consumed. To determine if anemones could extract Pb and Sn additives, we ran additional feeding trials in which treatment anemones were offered one PVC pellet daily for 10 days and control anemones were not offered pellets. We quantified lead and tin in anemones, PVC pellets, seawater, and anemone food (

Indexed as

MicroplasticsPolyvinyl ChlorideSea AnemonesTinWater Pollutants, ChemicalAnimalsLeadLeadMicroplasticsPolyvinyl ChlorideTinWater Pollutants, Chemical

Identifiers

PMID41848392
PMCPMC12998434

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.