Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41847680›Full record

ArticleIJTLD open2026

Linkage to TB and HIV care for persons who smoke illicit drugs: a prospective cohort study.

S Thomson, V Overbeck, D Theron, B Botha, S Malatesta, T C Bouton, N Niemand Wolhuter, F Ratangee, J I Campbell, N Cesare and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in IJTLD open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

S ThomsonSection of Infectious Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
V OverbeckSection of Infectious Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
D TheronBrewelskloof Hospital, Worcester, South Africa.
B BothaBrewelskloof Hospital, Worcester, South Africa.
S MalatestaDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
T C BoutonSection of Infectious Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
N Niemand WolhuterSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
F RatangeeSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
J I CampbellSection of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
N CesareBiostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
S Kulkarni GoodwinSection of Infectious Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
C S MeadeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
C R HorsburghSection of Infectious Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
L F WhiteDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
B MyersDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
R M WarrenSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
T CarneyDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
K R JacobsonSection of Infectious Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

The relationship between HIV exposure, contact networks, and TB in children under 5 years oldK23AI186597 · NIAID · BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jeffrey Ian Campbell · 2024 to 2026
$574k
NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI186597
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLinking people diagnosed with TB and HIV into care is critical. However, many barriers exist to care linkage, especially for people who use drugs (PWUD).

objectivesCharacterise differences in TB and HIV care linkage among PWUD in a high-TB/HIV-burden setting.

designWe analysed HIV and TB linkage to care among PWUD who were diagnosed with HIV and/or TB in a prospective study in Worcester, South Africa. We compared care cascades between participants diagnosed with HIV, TB, or both.

resultsAmong 750 participants screened in the community for HIV and TB, we diagnosed and referred 81 individuals with newly diagnosed (N = 39) or previously diagnosed but untreated (N = 42) HIV, as well as 64 individuals with newly diagnosed TB; 11 of these individuals had HIV/TB co-infection. Linkage was higher for TB care (78%) than HIV care (57% for previously diagnosed and 42% for newly diagnosed). 56% of participants with TB had a favourable treatment outcome, whereas only 23% of people with HIV were retained on antiretroviral therapy 6 months after referral.

conclusionWhile many PWUD successfully linked to TB and HIV care, disparities exist between the two cascades in this setting. Systems improvements are needed to facilitate linkage and retention for high-risk populations.

Indexed as

care cascadepeople who use drugsPWUDSouth AfricatuberculosisWorcester

Identifiers

PMID41847680
PMCPMC12991689

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.