ArticleRSC advances2026
Sustainable Congo red (CR) and hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)] removal using graphene functionalized aminated lignin composite: mechanistic and reusability insights.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
This research aims at introducing a new composite capable of removing both a textile dye [Congo red (CR)] and a toxic metal, [hexavalent chromium Cr(vi)], from wastewater using a single material. The composite was developed through a facile and eco-friendly approach utilizing microwave-exfoliated graphene (MG) with bio-derived aminated lignin (AL). Unlike most studies that investigate either dyes or heavy metals separately, this work demonstrates the dual functionality of MG-AL in targeting both classes of contaminants within one framework, while also providing kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic insights. The synergistic combination of MG and AL, not previously reported, enhanced adsorption selectivity, capacity, and stability by preventing graphene aggregation and improving pollutant affinity through amine functionalization. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD confirmed successful functionalization, enhanced stability, and improved crystallinity. Under optimal conditions, the composite achieved remarkable maximum adsorption capacities of 121.3 mg g
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