Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41847012›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses and

Jing Wen, Jaesu Moon, Luca Tucciarone, Te-Hsuan Bu, Amanda Y Sun, Robyn Miller, Julia Timis, Lujing Wu, Davey M Smith, Sujan Shresta and 2 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jing WenDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Jaesu MoonDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Luca TucciaroneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Te-Hsuan BuDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Amanda Y SunDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Robyn MillerCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA.
Julia TimisCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA.
Lujing WuDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Davey M SmithDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Sujan ShrestaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Kyle J GaultonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Tariq M RanaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9558-5766

Funding

Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer ImmunologyP30CA030199 · NCI · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI ELENA B PASQUALE · 1985 to 2026
$107.2M
Virology CoreP01CA177322 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SUN, REN · 2014 to 2018
$8.7M
Identification and Regulation of RNA Modification by HIV infection and MethamphetamineR01DA046171 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI RANA, TARIQ M · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Illumina NovaSeq 6000 Sequencing SystemS10OD026929 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI JEPSEN, KRISTEN LYNN · 2019 to 2019
$600k
Role of PCIF1 in Regulating Host-HIV interactionsR56AI187411 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI RANA, TARIQ M · 2024 to 2024
$503k
Regulation of HIV-1 Replication by Cellular IncRNAsR21AI125103 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI RANA, TARIQ M · 2016 to 2017
$426k
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA177322NCI NIH HHS P30 CA030199NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI125103NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI187411NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046171NIH HHS S10 OD026929
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine provides effective protection against viral infection and severe disease by inducing efficient adaptive immunity. However, vaccine efficacy is decreased against emerging variants, and immune memory is relatively short-lived. Here, we added new T cell epitopes to the RBD (receptor-binding domain) mRNA vaccine and identified a SARS-CoV-2 membrane epitope that significantly improved vaccine-induced immunity and protection in vivo. That new vaccine, designated G1-C, induced 8.2-fold higher levels of RBD-specific antibodies than did RBD and enhanced spike-specific T cell and B cell responses. Remarkably, the G1-C modulated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and increased levels of B and NK cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways in bone marrow potentially via Fos, Klf4, and Klf6 transcription factors. Altogether, these findings identify a new vaccine candidate to control viral infection by affecting the lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias and suggest the potential role of T cell epitopes in vaccine design and development.

Identifiers

PMID41847012
PMCPMC12991076

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.