Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41846979›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Mesoscale molecular architecture of the human striatum across cell types and lifespan.

Andrew W Kraft, Matthew Lee, Nirmala Rayan, Haoyuan Gao, Julianna Milidantri, Charles Vanderburg, Karol Balderrama, Naeem Nadaf, Vipin Kumar, Katelyn Flowers and 16 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Andrew W KraftBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Matthew LeeBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nirmala RayanBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Haoyuan GaoBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Julianna MilidantriBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Charles VanderburgBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Karol BalderramaBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Naeem NadafBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Vipin KumarBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Katelyn FlowersBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Emily FinnBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Matthew ShabetBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ezra MuratogluBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Olivia YooBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Khalid ShakirBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
James NemeshBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Steven BurgerBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Sadie DrouinBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Olivia CataliniBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Mukund RajBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Abir MohsinBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nikita BudnikBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lucas ReeseBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Steven A McCarrollBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Kiku IchiharaBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Evan Z MacoskoBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Funding

An Atlas of Human Brain Cell VariationUM1MH130966 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI Evan Z Macosko, Steven Andrew McCarroll · 2022 to 2026
$67.5M
NIMH NIH HHS UM1 MH130966
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human striatum is a central hub for a diverse array of motor, cognitive, and affective behaviors, yet it lacks obvious cytoarchitectural boundaries that define functional territories. Here, we uncover a robust and molecularly defined mesoscale architecture in the human striatum. Using Slide-tags, a scalable single-nucleus spatial transcriptomics technology, we profiled 1.1 million cells across the full span of the anterior striatum of 19 postmortem donors, spatially mapping all striatal populations. Our data uncover a natural subdivision of the striatum into six zones, each defined by molecularly distinct populations of medium spiny neurons, and featuring spatially coordinated neuron-astrocyte signaling. Relative to MSNs in ventral zones, MSNs in dorsal zones exhibit higher expression of genes for synaptic remodeling and plasticity via ephrin and TGF-beta, while the ventral zone is defined by greater expression of semaphorin, protein chaperone, and hedgehog signaling pathways. By imputing zonal identities onto a larger single-nucleus RNA-seq cohort of 131 donors, we find that the dorsal zones exhibit greater age-related transcriptional changes, and that overall, the gene-expression differences that define spatial zonation patterns are attenuated with advancing age. This atlas provides a mesoscale molecular definition of human striatal anatomy, linking cell type identity to functional specialization and aging susceptibility.

Identifiers

PMID41846979
PMCPMC12991174

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.