Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41846968›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Evaluation of an H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine in lactating dairy cows.

Jefferson J S Santos, Carine K Souza, Giovana C Zanella, Débora B Goulart, Bailey Arruda, Paola Boggiatto, Mitchell V Palmer, Celeste A Snyder, Michaela A Kristula, Charlene Dickens and 10 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Jefferson J S SantosDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Carine K SouzaNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Giovana C ZanellaNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Débora B GoulartNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Bailey ArrudaNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Paola BoggiattoNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Mitchell V PalmerNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Celeste A SnyderNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Michaela A KristulaDepartment of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
Charlene DickensDepartment of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
Terry L WebbDepartment of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
Reilly K AtkinsonDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Bernadeta DadonaiteBasic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Garima DwivediInfection Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Mohamad-Gabriel AlamehPenn Institute of RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jesse D BloomBasic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1267-3408
Drew WeissmanInfection Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Gary C AlthouseDepartment of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
Amy L BakerNational Animal Disease Center - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4953-7285
Scott E HensleyDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2928-7506

Funding

NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00015 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI HENSLEY, SCOTT · 2021 to 2025
$50.7M
NIH HHS 75N93021C00015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus has recently emerged in dairy cattle in the United States. The virus replicates primarily in the mammary gland of infected cattle, leading to dramatic reductions in milk production. It is thought that the virus transmits from animal to animal through viral shedding in milk, and therefore, vaccines that decrease the amount of virus in milk can potentially limit the current outbreak and reduce the risk of H5N1 spillover into humans. Here, we assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in lactating dairy cows. We found that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicited robust antibody responses in sera and milk and significantly reduced viral replication and disease caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 intramammary infection.

Identifiers

PMID41846968
PMCPMC12991112

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.