ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
B and T cell responses to pre-erythrocytic R21/Matrix-M and blood-stage RH5.1/Matrix-M malaria vaccines in endemic settings.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1b, Open-label, Age De-escalation, Dose-escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Different Doses of a Candidate Malaria Vaccine; Adjuvanted R21(R21/MM) in Adults, Young Children and Infants in Kilifi, Kenya
A Phase Ib Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Blood-stage Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Vaccine Candidate RH5.1/Matrix-M in Healthy Adults and Infants in Tanzania
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: There is great interest in combining the licensed pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M® and the blood-stage candidate vaccine RH5.1/Matrix-M® to maximise efficacy against Methods: Here, pre- and post-vaccination PBMC from two Phase 1b clinical trials with R21/Matrix-M® (NCT03580824;Kenya) and RH5.1/Matrix-M® (NCT04318002; Tanzania) were analysed by flow cytometry for antigen-specific memory B cell and total (R21) or antigen-specific (RH5) circulating Tfh (cTfh) cell responses. Results: For R21, higher frequencies of NANP-specific activated memory IgG Discussion: While our conclusions would be strengthened by further analyses in larger clinical trials, our data indicate that age, adjuvant dose, vaccine dose, and timing of final booster vaccination impact antigen-specific cellular responses to malaria vaccines and could thus inform the development of next-generation multi-stage malaria vaccination strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.